The key assumptions of the approaches.

Welcome:

A key assumption is what is believed to be the answer to a certain problem or psychological change.



The key assumptions for the cognitive approach is:

Firstly Computer Analogy,this is where that the human brain is believed to be comparable to a computer. This is thought because of the way the process information they are both information processors. This assumption focuses on the function (i.e.) what it can do, how it organises information.


The second assumption of the cognitive approach is:
The scientific approach into studying internal mental processes,Investigate how a person functionally organises and stores information in their memory.

They develop general laws about how cognition works and apply this universally to all humans e.g. theories of memory.



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The learning approach key assumptions are:

The learning approach is the nature vs nurture debate. Firstly is that according to theorists we are a product of our environment. This meaning that we become the people we are due to associations we make and the reinforcements we receive after birth. Also this argues that we are a product of nurture rather than nature.

The second assumption is that it is scientifically possible to establish general laws of learning. This meaning tat there are no difference between humans and animals as are anatomies are fundamentally similar. Also these allow us to predict and control behavior and development.

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The key assumptions of the psychodynamic approach are:
Firstly is that our feelings are strongly influenced by meaning of events to the unconscious mind, and by unconscious motives.


The tip of the iceberg being the conscious mind, this contains thoughts, dreams memories and wishes you are definitely aware of.

The middle bit or bottom half you can see of the iceberg is seen as the pre-conscious this contains all the ideas and memories that you are definitely aware of, that could become conscious.

The part- under the water the part you cant see is seen as the unconscious, this contains the desires and wishes, often of a sexual nature and sometime destructive, you are not aware of what is contained in your unconscious as some of it could be repressed.

Freud believed that the mid was like an iceberg as we are only aware of a small part of the brain at one time, so is a small
part of our mind.


The second assumption of this approach is that Our thoughts, feelings and behaviour as adults are all affected by the experiences of childhood.Things we experience in childhood have a direct effect on our personality and behaviour when we reach adulthood.The personality is thought to be divided into 3 parts: the Id, the Ego and the Superego all three parts are thought to be fully developed and in place by the age of 6 years old, so anything that happens before this age could have an effect on how the personality develops.

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The key assumptions from the physiological approach:

The first assumption is that Our behaviour is heavily influenced by our genetic makeup. Behaviour that all humans share (e.g. sleeping) is genetically programmed at the level of the species and is a product of evolutionary pressures in our distant past. Behaviour that runs in families (e.g. being smarter than average) is also said to be genetically determined as we inherit our genetic makeup from our parents and through our family tree so traits that run in families are transmitted to other family members through their genes.

The final assumption from this approach is that Our behaviour is affected by our biology – specifically our central nervous system (CNS) and especially our brain. The structure and chemistry of our CNS will determine how we interact with our environment and how we behave in different circumstances. Individual differences between people are due to differences in their biological makeup (e.g. being smarter than average) Similarities between people are due to similarities in their biological makeup (e.g. needing to sleep regularly)
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